Unit 4: Mental Health and Burnout for Healthcare Workers

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Course Objectives
  • Explain PTSD and its prevalence in healthcare
  • List common mental health disorders
  • Describe burnout and what those experiencing it will exhibit  

Course Content
Kirsten Hermens NCMA-PCourse Creator: 
Total CE Hours: 1 Credit Hour 
Pace Course #: 586-2612-26

Key Terms:
  1. Amygdala
  2. Anxiety
  3. Auditory stimuli
  4. Burnout
  5. Chronic Fatigue
  6. Cerebral cortex
  7. Depression
  8. Emotional dysregulation
  9. Parietal lobe
  10. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
  11. Primary olfactory cortex
  12. Suicide
  13. Temporal lobe

Outline:
  • Trigger warning
  • Introduction
  • Key Terms
  • Importance of mental health
  • Brain 
    • Anatomy and Physiology
    • Fight or Flight Response
    • Memory storage
    • Brain integration of traumatic memories
      • What is a traumatic event?
      • High-stress calls
      • Trauma response
      • Effects on mental health after trauma
  • Mental Health Conditions
    • Anxiety
    • Depression
    • Emotional dysregulation
    • Chronic fatigue
    • PTSD
    • Burnout in Healthcare
    • Suicide
  • Prevention, management, and treatment of Mental Health conditions
    • Preventing Burnout
    • Help with suicidal ideations
    • Positive Coping Mechanisms
    • Negative Coping Mechanisms
    • Effects of Mental Health on Quality of Life
    • Management and Treatment
    • Preventing and Managing Stress
  • Contributing Factors and Strategies
    • Burnout in laboratory settings
      • Possible causes
      • Impacts
      • Strategies for prevention
    • Burnout Among Phlebotomists
      • Possible causes
      • Impacts
      • Strategies for prevention
    • Elevating team dynamics and well-being
      • Interactive Workshops
        Peer Support Groups 
        Implementing Feedback Mechanisms
    • Holistic Approach to Burnout Prevention and Mental Wellness
  • Self Assessment
  • Key takeaway points.
  • Conclusion

References: 
  1. "25 Quick Ways to Reduce Stress" University of Colorado Law School. https://www.colorado.edu/law/25-quick-ways-reduce-stress
  2. Effects of PTSD on Family." U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. January 13, 2020. https://www.ptsd.va.gov/family/effect_families.asp
  3. "Healthy Work: Managing Stress and Fatigue in the Workplace." Occupational Safety and Health Service, Department of Labour, Wellington, New Zealand. 2003. ISBN 0 477 03689 9.
  4. "How the Brain Hides Memories." Northwestern Medicine and Northwestern Memorial HealthCare. 2021. https://www.nm.org/healthbeat/medical-advances/how-the-brain-hides-traumatic-memories
  5. "How the Fight or Flight Response Works." The American Institute of Stress. 2020. https://www.stress.org/how-the-fight-or-flight-response-works
  6. “How to Manage the Fight-or-Flight Response." MasterClass. May 5, 2021. https://www.masterclass.com/articles/fight-or-flight-response-explained#what-is-the-fightorflight-response
  7. "Mental Health Treatments." Mental Health America, Inc. 2021. https://www.mhanational.org/mental-health-treatments
  8. ”New Year, New You: How to Avoid Burnout in the EMS Field." ESO Staff. January 6, 2021. https://www.eso.com/blog/avoid-burnout-in-the-ems-field/
  9. ”Overview: Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS/ME)." NHS. April 21, 2020. https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/chronic-fatigue-syndrome-cfs/
  10. ”Preventing Suicide: A Resource for Police, Firefighters, and other First Line Responders." World Health Organization, Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse. 2009. ISBN 978 92 4 159843 9.
  11. ”Stress Effects on the Body." American Psychological Association. November 1, 2018. https://www.apa.org/topics/stress/body
  12. "Trauma, Its Effects on the Brain, and Coping Skills." A Voice for the Innocent. March 30, 2019. https://www.avoicefortheinnocent.org/trauma-its-effects-on-the-brain-and-coping-skills/
  13. "What Happens to Your Body During the Fight or Flight Response?" Cleveland Clinic. Brain & Spine. December 9, 2019. https://health.clevelandclinic.org/what-happens-to-your-body-during-the-fight-or-flight-response/
  14. "What Is QOL?" International Society for Quality of Life Research. 2019. https://www.isoqol.org/what-is-qol/
  15. Alexander Behnke, Roberto Rojas, Sarah Karrasch, Melixxa Hitzler, and Iris-Tatjana Kolassa. “Deconstructing Traumatic Mission Experiences: Identifying Critical Incidents and Their Relevance for the Mental and Physical Health Among Emergency Medical Service Personnel.” Frontiers in Psychology, Health Psychology. October 22, 2019. DOI: 10.3389./fpsyg.2019.02305. www.frontiersin.org
  16. Ann Marie Farina, BS. "EMS Burnout: Try this 4-step Cure." EMS 1 by Lexipol. November 24, 2020. https://www.ems1.com/mental-health/articles/ems-burnout-try-this-4-step-cure-I4mxGm5dAyVb5q8A/
  17. Blake Flannery. "A List of Coping Skills for Anger, Anxiety, and Depression." YouMeMindBody. Maven Media Brands, LLC. September 26, 2018. https://youmemindbody.com/mental-health/Coping-Strategies-Skills-List-Positive-Negative-Anger-Anxiety-Depression-Copers
  18. Dawn McClelland, PHD. and Chris Gilyard, MD. "Calming Trauma: How Understanding the Brain can Help."Phoenix Society for Burn Survivors. August 27, 2019. https://www.phoenix-society.org/resources/calming-trauma
  19. Debbie Hampton. "4 Science-Backed Methods to Help Your Brain Process Trauma." The Best Brain Possible. March 10, 2019. https://thebestbrainpossible.com/trauma-brain-heal-therapy/
  20. Diagnostic And Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition (DSM-5). American Psychiatric Association. 2013. ISBN 978-0-89042-554-1.
  21. EMS Mental Health. "Awareness, Education and Training." NAEMT. https://naemt.org/initiatives/ems-mental-health/awareness-education-and-training
  22. George A. Bananno. “Loss, Trauma, and Human Resilience: Have We Underestimated the Human Capacity to Thrive After Extremely Aversive Events?” Columbia University. American Psychological Association, Inc. January 2004. DOI: 10.1037/0003-066X.59.1.20.
  23. Jack Nollan. "20 Healthy Coping Skills: Strategies to Help with Negative Emotions." A Conscious Rethink. September 13, 2019. https://www.aconsciousrethink.com/11043/coping-skills/
  24. Janey Davies, B.H. (Hons). "10 Negative Coping Mechanisms People Use to Hide from Their Problems." Learning Mind. June 18, 2017. https://www.learning-mind.com/coping-mechanisms/
  25. Jennifer Wolkin. "The Science of Trauma, Mindfulness, and PTSD." Mindfulness Research. June 15, 2016. https://www.mindful.org/the-science-of-trauma-mindfulness-ptsd/
  26. Kevin T. Collopy, Sean M. Kivlehan, and Scott R. Snyder. "Are you under stress in EMS. Understanding the Slippery Slope of Burnout and PTSD." PubMed.gov. October 2012. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23097838/
  27. Miranda Olff, Willie Langeland, and Derhold P.R. Gersons. “Effects of Appraisal and Coping on the Neuroendocrine Response to Extreme Stress.” Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews. 2005. DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2004.12.006. www.elsevier.com/locate/neubiorev
  28. Mohammed Nasser ALmutairi and Azza Ali ElMahalli. "Burnout and Coping Methods among Emergency Medical Services Professionals." US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health. March 16, 2020. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7083646/
  29. Ranna Rarekh, M.D.,M.P.H.; "Warning Signs of Mental Illness." The American Psychiatric Association. July 2018. https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/warning-signs-of-mental-illness
  30. Remle P. Crowe MS, NREMT; Julie K. Bower Ph.D, MPH, FAHA; Rebecca E. Cash MPH, NRP; Ashish R. Panchal MD, Ph.D; Severo A. Rodrigues Ph.D NRP; and Susan E. Olivo-Marson Ph.D. "Association of Burnout with Workforce: Reducing Factors among EMS Professionals." Prehospital Emergency Care. Issue 2 Volume 22. Pages 229-236. May 10, 2017. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10903127.2017.1356411
  31. Seth J. Gillihan Ph.D. "21 Common Reactions to Trauma: It helps to know what to expect after a terrifying event." Psycology Today. September 7, 2016. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/think-act-be/201609/21-common-reactions-trauma
  32. Valerie L. Foreman-Hoffman, Janaki Bose, Kathryn R. Batts, Cristie Glasheen, Erica Hirsch, Rhonda S. Karg, Larke N. Huang, and Sarra L. Hidden. “Correlates of Lifetime Exposure to One or More Potentially Traumatic Events and Subsequent Posttraumatic Stress among Adults in the United States: Results from the Mental Health Surveillance Study, 2008-2012.” Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Service Administration. April 2016. www.smhsa.gov
  33. Kenneth S. Saladin. Georgia College & State University. Anatomy & Physiology 7th Edition: The Unity of Form and Function. ISBN 978 0 07 340371 7.
  34. Early Childhood Education at College of Canyons. “14.4 Information Processing Theory- Memory, Encoding, and Storage.” January 4, 2021. https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Early_Childhood_Education/Book%3A_Child_Growth_and_Development_(Paris_Ricardo_Rymond_and_Johnson)/14%3A_Adolescence_-_Cognitive_Development/14.04%3A_Information_Processing_Theory-_Memory_Encoding_and_Storage
  35. Healther Sarkis with TEDxFainsesville. “Stop the Stigma: Why it’s important to talk about mental health.” June 24, 2019. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gy1iH_Gxn0Q

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