Phlebotomy Basics

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Course Objectives
Describe the fundamentals of phlebotomy and its importance
Identify the key roles and duties of a phlebotomist
Explain the standard operating procedures for phlebotomy
Apply safety and infection control measures effectively
Recognize the clinical laboratory settings and the most common tests
Course Content
Course Creator: 
Total CE Hours: 1 Credit Hour 
Pace Course #: 586-2303-25

Key Terms: 
  • HIPAA
  • Pre-Analytical / Pre- Examination
  • Anticoagulants
  • Hematoma
  • Hemolysis
  • Order of Draw
  • Bloodborne Pathogens
  • Lancet
  • Centrifuge
  • Sharps Container
  • Plasma
  • Serum
  • Isopropyl Alcohol


 
Outline:
  • Fundamentals of Phlebotomy
    • Meaning of Phlebotomy
    •  Purpose and application of phlebotomy
    •  Primary role of a phlebotomist
    •  Phlebotomy work settings
    •  Requirements to become a phlebotomist
  • From Blood Letting to Phlebotomy
    • Origins of Phlebotomy
    •  Ancient Techniques
    •  History of Phlebotomy
  •  Phlebotomy Today
    • Focus on precision, safety and patient care
    •  Equipment
    •  Technique
    •  Standard of care
    •  Healthcare settings
    •  Clinical laboratory settings
  •  Patient Identification 
    • Building rapport
    •  Explaining procedures, identification, consents
    •  Handling difficult situations
  •  Safety and Infection Control 
    • Exposure and transmission
    •  OSHA 
    • Universal precautions
    •  Standard Precautions
  •  Anatomy and Physiology Related to Phlebotomy 
    • Understanding the circulatory system 
      • 3 blood vessel types
    •  Whole blood 
      • Components of blood
    •  Hemostatis 
  • Blood Collection
    • Essential equipment
    •  Antiseptic options
    •  Vacutainers
    •  Venipuncture Technique 
      • Step by step
    • Capillary Puncture Technique
      • Site selection
      • Step by step 
    • Order of Draw
  • Common Blood Tests
    • Hematology tests
    •  Coagulation tests
    •  Chemistry tests
    •  Immunology and Serology
    •  Blood bank
  • Labeling and documentation
    • Importance
    •  Requirements
    •  Documentation
    •  Confidentiality and security
  • Specimen Processing and Handling
    • Inversion
    •  Light sensitivity
    •  Temperature control
    •  Time sensitivity 
  • Future of Phlebotomy
    • Automation
    •  POCT
    •  Advanced training and specialization

 
References: 
  1. Laboratory Field Services. California Department Of Health. Retrieved November 28, 2024, from https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/OSPHLD/LFS/Pages/Phlebotomist.aspxLaboratory Field Services
  2.  (2022). A Fundamental Guide To Phlebotomy (-1st ed., pp. 1-125). National Healthcare Certification Organization.
  3.  (2023, February 9). Https://www.Skillsforhealth.Org.Uk/article/a-brief-history-of-phlebotomy. Skills For Health. Retrieved November 28, 2024, from https://www.skillsforhealth.org.uk/article/a-brief-history-of-phlebotomy
  4.  (2023, March 28). The History Of Phlebotomist. American National University. Retrieved November 28, 2024, from https://an.edu/the-history-of-phlebotomy/
  5.  Bloodborne Pathogens and Needlestick Prevention. Occupational Safety And Health Adminstration. Retrieved November 29, 2024, from https://www.osha.gov/bloodborne-pathogens
  6.  Break the Chain of Infection. Infection Prevention. Retrieved November 19, 2024, from https://infectionpreventionandyou.org/protect-your-patients/break-the-chain-of-infection/
  7.  Bloodborne Pathogens and Needlestick Prevention. Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Retrieved December 1, 2024, from https://www.osha.gov/bloodborne-pathogens/general
  8.  (2024, July 8). The AIDS Epidemic in the United States, 1981-early 1990s. CDC. Retrieved November 14, 2024, from https://www.cdc.gov/museum/online/story-of-cdc/aids/index.html
  9.  Blood Vessels. Cleveland Clinic. Retrieved December 1, 2024, from https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/body/21640-blood-vessels
  10.  (2024, January 1). Components of Blood. Merrick Manuel. Retrieved December 1, 2024, from https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/blood-disorders/biology-of-blood/components-of-blood
  11. Hemostasis. Cleveland Health. Retrieved December 1, 2024, from https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/symptoms/21999-hemostasis
  12.  (2023, August 8). Laboratory Tube Collection. National Library Of Medicine. Retrieved December 2, 2024, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK555991
  13.  Capillary sample. Medline Plus. Retrieved December 2, 2024, from https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003427
  14.  (2019, March 19). Order of Blood Draw Tubes and Additives. CLSI. Retrieved December 3, 2024, from https://clsi.org/about/blog/order-of-blood-draw-tubes-and-additives/
  15.  Blood Collection Process: Venipuncture. UF Health. Retrieved December 3, 2024, from https://pathlabs.ufl.edu/client-services/specimen-shipping/blood-collection-process-venipuncture/
  16.  (2021, January 21). Best practices in capillary blood collection. Medical Laboratory Observer. Retrieved December 3, 2024, from https://www.mlo-online.com/diagnostics/specimen-collection/article/21206382/best-practices-in-capillary-blood-collection
  17.  Clinical research trials and you. National Institute Of Health. Retrieved October 14, 2024, from https://www.nih.gov/health-information/nih-clinical-research-trials-you/basics
  18.  Health Direct (n.d.). Blood Test A-Z. Retrieved October 17, 2024, from https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/blood-tests-a-z
  19.  National Library of Medicine (2022, April 5). Medical Test. Medline Plus. Retrieved October 18, 2024, from https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/
  20.  Rehak, N. N., Cecco, S. A., & Hortin, G. L. (2008). Photolysis of bilirubin in serum specimens exposed to room lighting. Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry, 387(1-2), 181–183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cca.2007.09.019
  21.  Specimen Collection and Preparation. Mayo Clinic Laboratories. Retrieved December 4, 2024, from https://www.mayocliniclabs.com/specimen/preparation/index.php?question=1
  22. Cryoglobulins. MedlinePlus. Retrieved December 4, 2024, from https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003555.htm
  23.  (2009, March 6). Overview of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring. National Library Of Medicine. Retrieved December 4, 2024, from https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2687654/
  24.  (2024, March 1). Emerging Technologies in Healthcare and Laboratory Medicine: Trends and Need for a Roadmap to Sustainable Implementation. National Library Of Medicine. Retrieved December 4, 2024, from https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10913117/

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