Infectious Diseases

Course Objectives

- Identify the role the phlebotomist holds regarding infectious diseases
- Recite the differences between parasitic, bacterial, fungal and viral infections
- Uncover the cause, transmission, prevalence and testing needed for many infectious diseases

Course Content

Course Creator: Nichelle Volker RMA

Total CE Hours: 1 Credit Hour

Pace Course #: 586-2102-25

Key Terms:

Antibiotic
Antimicrobial Resistance
Anti-fungal
Anti-parasitic
Microbes
Zoonotic

Outline:

Microbes
Define and compare:
- Epidemic
- Pandemic
- Endemic/Baseline prevalence
Viral Diseases
- Viral Hepatitis
  - Hep A
    - Transmission
    - Prevalence
    - Symptoms
    - Test Collection
    - Treatments & Prevention
  - Hep B
    - Transmission
    - Prevalence
    - Symptoms
    - Test Collection
    - Treatments & Prevention
  - Hep C
    - Transmission
    - Prevalence
    - Symptoms
    - Test Collection
    - Treatments & Prevention
  - Hep D
    - Transmission
    - Prevalence
    - Symptoms
    - Test Collection
    - Treatments & Prevention
  - Hep E
    - Transmission
    - Prevalence
    - Symptoms
    - Test Collection
    - Treatments & Prevention
  - HSV
    - Causation
    - Transmission
    - Prevalence
    - Symptoms
    - Test Collection
    - Treatment & Prevention
  - Norovirus
    - Causation
    - Transmission
    - Prevalence
    - Symptoms
    - Test Collection
    - Treatment & Prevention
  - RSV
    - Causation
    - Transmission
    - Prevalence
    - Symptoms
    - Test Collection
    - Treatment & Prevention
  - Influenza
    - Causation
    - Transmission
    - Prevalence
    - Symptoms
    - Test Collection
    - Treatment & Prevention
  - Coronaviruses
    - Old viruses
      - Causation
      - Transmission
      - Prevalence
      - Symptoms
      - Test Collection
      - Treatment & Prevention
    - New Viruses
      - Causation
      - Transmission
      - Prevalence
      - Symptoms
      - Test Collection
      - Treatment & Prevention
  - Measles
    - Causation
    - Transmission
    - Prevalence
    - Symptoms
    - Test Collection
    - Treatment & Prevention
  - Orthoebolaviruses Ebola
    - Causation
    - Transmission
    - Prevalence
    - Symptoms
    - Test Collection
    - Treatment & Prevention
  - Japanese Encephalitis
    - Causation
    - Transmission
    - Prevalence
    - Symptoms
    - Test Collection
    - Treatment & Prevention
  - HIV
    - Causation
    - Transmission
    - Prevalence
    - Symptoms
    - Test Collection
    - Treatment & Prevention
Bacterial Diseases
- Strep Throat
  - Causation
  - Transmission
  - Prevalence
  - Symptoms
  - Test Collection
  - Treatment & Prevention
- Salmonellosis
  - Causation
  - Transmission
  - Prevalence
  - Symptoms
  - Test Collection
  - Treatment & Prevention
- Gonorrhea
  - Causation
  - Transmission
  - Prevalence
  - Symptoms
  - Test Collection
  - Treatment & Prevention
- Chlamydia
  - Causation
  - Transmission
  - Prevalence
  - Symptoms
  - Test Collection
  - Treatment & Prevention
- Syphilis
  - Causation
  - Transmission
  - Prevalence
  - Symptoms
  - Test Collection
  - Treatment & Prevention
Fungal Infections
- Ringworm
  - Causation
  - Transmission
  - Prevalence
  - Symptoms
  - Test Collection
  - Treatment & Prevention
- Athlete’s Foot
  - Causation
  - Transmission
  - Prevalence
  - Symptoms
  - Test Collection
  - Treatment & Prevention
- Thrush
  - Causation
  - Transmission
  - Prevalence
  - Symptoms
  - Test Collection
  - Treatment & Prevention
Parasitic Diseases
- Malaria
  - Causation
  - Transmission
  - Prevalence
  - Symptoms
  - Test Collection
  - Treatment & Prevention
- Giardiasis
  - Causation
  - Transmission
  - Prevalence
  - Symptoms
  - Test Collection
  - Treatment & Prevention
- Hookworms
  - Causation
  - Transmission
  - Prevalence
  - Symptoms
  - Test Collection
  - Treatment & Prevention
- Pinworms
  - Causation
  - Transmission
  - Prevalence
  - Symptoms
  - Test Collection
  - Treatment & Prevention
- Scabies
  - Causation
  - Transmission
  - Prevalence
  - Symptoms
  - Test Collection
  - Treatment & Prevention
Antimicrobial Resistance
- Define antimicrobial resistance
- Causes of antimicrobial resistance
- Occurrence/prevalence
  - Common antibiotic resistant infections
    - Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus
    - Vancomycin resistant enterococci
    - Vancomycin resistant staphylococcus aureus
    - TB
    - C. Diff
Infection prevention
- Vaccines
- All FDA approved vaccines available
- Vaccine types
  - Inactivated vaccines
  - Live attenuated vaccines
  - mRNA vaccines
  - Subunit, recombinant, polysaccharide, and conjugate vaccines
  - Toxoid vaccine
  - Viral Vector vaccine
  - Antibodies Titer testing
Infection Cycle
- Taking precautions
- Standard precautions
- Contact precautions
- Droplet precautions
- Airborne Precautions

References:

What is antimicrobial resistance? World Health Organization Website. Available at: http://www.who.int/features/qa/75/en/. Accessed September 4th, 2018.
Definition of Terms, Antimicrobial (Drug) Resistance. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease Website. Available at: https://www.niaid.nih.gov/research/antimicrobial-resistance-definitions. Accessed September 4th, 2018.
Llor C, Bjerrum L. Antimicrobial resistance: risk associated with antibiotic overuse and initiatives to reduce the problem. Therapeutic Advances in Drug Safety. 2014; 5(6): 229–241. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4232501/. Accessed September 4th, 2018
Ventola, CL. The antibiotic Resistance Crisis. Pharmacy and Therapeutics. 2015; 40(4): 277-283. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4378521/. Accessed September 4th, 2018
High Levels of Antibiotic Resistance Found Worldwide, New Data Shows. World Health Organization Website. Available at: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2018/antibiotic-resistance-found/en/. Accessed September 4th, 2018.
Prestinaci F, Pezzotti P, Pantosti A. Antimicrobial Resistance: A Global Multifaceted Phenomenon. Pathogens and Global Health. 2015; 109(7): 309-318. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4768623/. Accessed September 4th, 2018
Antibiotic/Antimicrobial Resistance. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Website. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/drugresistance/biggest_threats.html. Accessed September 4th, 2018
Influenza (Flu). Centers for Disease Control Website. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/flu/about/index.html. Accessed September 4th, 2018.
Principles of Epidemiology in Public Health Practice. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Website. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/ophss/csels/dsepd/ss1978/lesson1/section11.html. Accessed September 5th, 2018.
Sepsis. Mayo Clinic Website. Available at: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sepsis/symptoms-causes/syc-20351214. Accessed September 5th, 2018.