Common Bodily Fluids Analyzed in the Laboratory

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Course Objectives
Objectives:
  1. Categorize which common body fluids are sent to the laboratory
  2. Expand on common body fluid sent to the laboratory and the reasons for collection
  3. Expand on the methods of collection, performed by whom, and any patient preparations
Course Content
Course Creator: Kirsten Hermens, NCMA-P
Total CE Hours: 1 Credit Hour 
Pace Course #: 586-2502-25

Key Terms:
  • Adenosine Triphosphate 
  • Ankylosing Spondylitis 
  • Aqueous 
  • Ascites
  • Chyle
  • Cerumen 
  • Dysplasia
  • Echocardiograph 
  • Extracellular (ECF)
  • Exudative
  • Gastrointestinal (GI) 
  • Integumentary
  • Intracellular (ICF)
  • Organelles
  • Osmosis
  • Pericardial Tamponade
  • Pleural Effusion
  • Sebum 
  • Semipermeable 
  • Serous Fluids 
  • Transudative 
  • Vitreous Fluid 
  • Water Content 

Outline:
  • Introduction
  • Key terms
  • What is a Body Fluid
    • Aqueous Base
    •  Various viscosity of fluids
    •  Distribution
      • Intracellular Fluids 
      • Extracellular Fluids
    • Osmosis
  • Intracellular vs. Extracellular
    • Intracellular Fluids (ICF)
    •  Cytoplasm or Cytosol
    •  Suspend Organelles
    •  Extracellular Fluids (ECF)
    •  2 Main Components
      • Plasma
      •  Interstitial Fluid (IF)
    • Active Ion transport Pumps 
    • Energy 
      • Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
  •  Location of Fluids Throughout the Body
    • Central Nervous System (CNS)
      • Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) 
        • Called Meningeal Fluid
      •  Vitreous Fluid
    •  Cardiovascular: Circulatory 
      • Blood
      •  Main fluid in the body 
        • Plasma / Serum
      •  Pericardial Fluid
    •  Lymphatic: Filtration 
      • Main fluid in the body
      •  Chyle
      •  Lymph Nodes
    •  Musculoskeletal: Bone 
      • Muscle 
        • Cardiac
        •  Skeletal
        •  Smooth
      •  Synovial Fluid 
        • Teeth
    •  Pulmonary: Respiratory 
      • Phlegm
      •  Mucus
      •  Pleural Fluid
    •  Reproductive Fluids 
      • Vaginal Secretions
      •  Cervical Mucus
      •  Amniotic Fluid
      •  Breast Milk
      •  Sperm
    •  Abdomen: Digestive 
      • Saliva
      •  Pancreas 
        • Digestive Enzymes
        •  Insulin
        •  Glucagon
        •  Somatostatin
    •  Liver 
      • Bile
      •  Succuss Entericus
      •  Emesis
      • Ascitic Fluid
    •  Integumentary: Skin 
      • Sweat
      •  Sebum
      •  Cerumen
      •  Wound Secretions
      • Pus
    •  Endocrine: Hormones 
      • Estrogen
      •  Progesterone
      •  Testosterone
    •  Excretory: Renal (Kidneys)
      • Urine
  • Common Body Fluids Sent to Laboratory
    • Cerebrospinal
    •  Pleural
    •  Peritoneal
    •  Pericardial
    •  Synovial
    •  Blood
    •  Lymph
    •  Gastrointestinal and Digestive
    •  Reproductive
    •  Excretory
  •  Body Fluid Evaluations
    • Total Volume
    •  Gross Appearance
    •  Total Cell Count
    •  Differential Cell Count
    •  Identification of Crystals
    •  Biochemical Assessment
    •  Microbiological Examination
    •  Immunological Studies
    •  Cytological Examination
 
References: 
  1. (n.d.). Physiology, Body Fluids. NCBI National Library of Medicine. Physiology, Body Fluids - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf
  2. (n.d.). Body Fluids/Compartments. Oregon State University Education. 26.1 Body Fluids and Fluid Compartments – Anatomy & Physiology
  3. (n.d.). Intracellular Vs Extracellular. Biology Dictionary. https://biologydictionary.net/intracellular-fluid-vs-extracellular-fluid/
  4. (n.d.). Endocrine. Johns Hopkins Medicine. https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/wellness-and-prevention/anatomy-of-the-endocrine-system 
  5. (n.d.). Anatomy Human Body. KenHub Library. https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/human-body-systems
  6. (n.d.). Body Lymph. Cleveland Clinic. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/body/25209-lymph
  7. (n.d.). Body Fluid Testing. Parkview. https://www.parkview.com/blog/body-fluid-testing
  8. (n.d.). Body Fluids. Clinical Gate. https://clinicalgate.com/body-fluids/ 
  9. (n.d.). Spinal Tap. Healthline. https://www.healthline.com/health/cerebrospinal-fluid-culture#procedure
  10. (n.d.). Pleural Fluid. Healthline. https://www.healthline.com/health/pleural-fluid-culture
  11. (n.d.). Peritoneal Fluid. Mount Sinai Library. https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/tests/peritoneal-fluid-culture
  12. (n.d.). Pericardiocentesis. Medline Plus Medical Encyclopedia. https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003872.htm
  13. (n.d.). Joint Aspiration. Johns Hopkins. https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/treatment-tests-and-therapies/joint-aspiration
  14. (n.d.). Lymphedema. Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/lymphedema/symptoms-causes/syc-20374682
  15. (n.d.). Herbs and Lymph. HealthyHuemans. https://healthyhuemans.com/13-herbs-for-lymphatic-system/
  16. (n.d.). What is Bile. Healthline. https://www.healthline.com/health/what-is-bile#function
  17. (n.d.). Reproductive Health. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/conditions/repro-health
  18. (n.d.). Lumbar Puncture. University of California SF. https://radiology.ucsf.edu/patient-care/prepare/lumbar-puncture
  19. (n.d.). Different Types. Arthritis Australia. https://arthritisaustralia.com.au/what-is-arthritis/types-of-arthritis/
  20. (n.d.). Ascites. Cleveland Clinic. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14792-ascites
  21. (n.d.). Blood. Biology Dictionary. https://www.biologyonline.com/dictionary/body-fluid
  22. (n.d.). Lymph Biopsy Types. Healthline. https://www.healthline.com/health/lymph-node-biopsy#types
  23. n.d.). Gastric Fluid Analysis. Anavara. https://anavara.com/diagnostictest/gastric-fluid-analysis
  24. Cotten, S. W., & Block, D. R. (2023). A Review of Current Practices and Future Trends in Body Fluid Testing. The Journal of Applied Laboratory Medicine, 8(5), 962-983. https://doi.org/10.1093/jalm/jfad014

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