Bloodborne Pathogens

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Course Objectives
  • Identify common bloodborne pathogens and describe their occupational significance.
  • Describe how bloodborne pathogen exposures can occur during phlebotomy and specimen handling.
  • Apply Standard Precautions and appropriate work practices to reduce exposure risk.
  • Explain the role of engineering controls, PPE, and safe sharps practices in preventing occupational exposure.
  • Describe the appropriate response following a bloodborne pathogen exposure incident.
  • Note: This course is designed to follow all Occupational Safety and Health Standards (OSHA) guidelines for bloodborne pathogen training and education

Course Content
Course Creator: Kristen Moylen
Total CE Hours: 1 Credit Hour
Pace Course #: 586-2101-24 until September 30, 2026, then  
586-2701-26 until September 20, 2028

Key Terms: 
  1.  Bloodborne Pathogen 
  2. Occupational Exposure 
  3. Exposure Incident 
  4. Standard Precautions 
  5. PPE 
  6. Blood 
  7. Contaminated 
  8. Regulated Waste 
  9. Exposure Control Plan 
  10. Universal Precautions 
  11. Jaundice 
  12. OPIM (Other Potentially Infectious Materials) 
  13. Exposure Incident 
  14. OSHA 

Outline:
  •  Introduction
    • Biohazard symbol
    •  Key Terms
  •  Bloodborn pathogens
    • What is a Bloodborne Pathogen?
      • Viral Hepatitis
        • Hepatitis B (HBV)
          • Hepatitis B (HBV): Symptoms 
          • Hepatitis B (HBV): Transmission
        •  Hepatitis C (HCV) 
          • Hepatitis C (HCV): Symptoms
        •  Hepatitis C (HCV): Transmission
      •  Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
  • Exposure
    • What is an Exposure?
      • Preventing Occupational Exposure
      •  Other Potentially Infectious Materials (OPIM)
    •  Who Is at Risk of an Exposure?
    •  Common Occupational Exposure Risks
      • Exposure to a Source Individual
      • Exposure to Contaminated Sharps
    •  Decontamination 
      • Scenario
    •  Prevention
      • Prevention: Control Measures
      •  Prevention: Standard Precautions 
        • Key practices
        • Standard precautions are based on risk assessment
        • Key components of standard precautions
          • Hand Hygiene
          •  Proper PPE
          •  Cough Etiquette
          •  Proper Patient Placement
          •  Disinfecting Equipment and Surfaces
          •  Contaminated Textiles and Laundry
          •  Safe Injection Practices
          •  Sharps Safety
      •  Exposure Control Plan
        • Preventing Exposures
        •  Vaccinations
        •  What Do I Do If an Exposure Incident Occurs?
      •  Scenario
      •  Conclusion

References:
 
  1. U.S. Department of Labor. (2019, May 14). 1910.1030—Bloodborne pathogens. Occupational Safety and Health Administration. https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/regulations/standardnumber/1910/1910.1030
  2. Hou, J., Liu, Z., & Gu, F. (2005). Epidemiology and prevention of hepatitis B virus infection. International Journal of Medical Sciences, 2(1), 50–57. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1142225/
  3. Denault, D., & Gardner, H. (2022, April 14). OSHA bloodborne pathogen standards. National Library of Medicine. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK570561/
  4. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. (2017). Nancy Caroline’s emergency care in the streets (7th ed., Vol. 1). Jones & Bartlett Learning.
  5. World Health Organization. (2022, June 24). Hepatitis C. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hepatitis
  6. World Health Organization. (2024, April 9). Hepatitis C. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hepatitis-c
  7. World Health Organization. (2024, July 22). HIV and AIDS. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hiv-aids
  8. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2017, February 7). Occupational exposure to blood. https://www.cdc.gov/oralhealth/infectioncontrol/faqs/occupational-exposure.html
  9. National Healthcare Certification Organization. (2022). A fundamental guide to phlebotomy.
  10. Occupational Safety and Health Administration. (2011, January). OSHA factsheet: PPE reduces exposure to bloodborne pathogens. U.S. Department of Labor. https://www.osha.gov/sites/default/files/publications/bbfact03.pdf
  11. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2024, March 26). Preventing unsafe injection practices. https://www.cdc.gov/injection-safety/hcp/clinical-safety/
  12. Cleveland Clinic. (2024, May 1). Aseptic technique. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/aseptic-technique
  13. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (n.d.). Sharps disposal. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. https://www.cdc.gov/nora/councils/hcsa/stopsticks/sharpsdisposal.html
  14. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2007). TIPS for improving your exposure control plan. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2007-158/pdfs/2007-158.pdf
  15. U.S. Department of Labor, Chao, E. L., & Henshaw, J. L. (2003). Model plans and programs for the OSHA bloodborne pathogens and hazard communications standards.
  16. Occupational Safety and Health Administration. (n.d.). About OSHA. U.S. Department of Labor. https://www.osha.gov/aboutosha

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